Why Nagano is the best place to walk the Nakasendo Trail in Japan

The Nakasendo Trail is one of Japan’s most scenic and culturally immersive walking routes. Stretching over 500 kilometers from Kyoto to Tokyo, this historic route winds through forested mountains, traditional villages, and beautifully preserved post towns.

Some of the most rewarding and atmospheric sections of the trail pass through Nagano Prefecture, where visitors can step back into the Edo period and explore towns that have changed little in over 400 years.

Nakasendo trail map illustration screenshot from Improv Ambassador’s Magome to Tsumago trail hike YouTube video, embedded below.

Whether you're a nature lover, a history enthusiast, or simply looking for a peaceful escape from modern life, the Nakasendo Trail in Nagano offers an unforgettable journey.

What Is the Nakasendo Trail?

The name “Nakasendo” means “Central Mountain Route.” It was one of five official highways developed during the Edo period to connect the shogun’s capital, Edo (modern-day Tokyo), with the imperial capital, Kyoto.

Unlike the more famous coastal Tokaido route, the Nakasendo followed an inland path through Japan’s mountainous interior. It included 69 post towns, or shukuba, where travelers could rest, eat, and find lodging.

These towns played a vital role in supporting commerce, government travel, and cultural exchange during a time when most people moved on foot or by horse.

Today, the trail still preserves this legacy, with restored buildings, cobbled streets, and mountain passes that reflect centuries of history.

Cultural and Historical Highlights in Nagano

Tsumago-juku

Tsumago is perhaps the most famous of the Nakasendo post towns. It was one of the first to undergo preservation in the 1970s, and strict rules have helped maintain its Edo-era charm. Cars are restricted on the main street during the day, and power lines are hidden to retain an authentic atmosphere.

Visitors can explore restored inns such as the Wakihonjin, where samurai and officials once stayed, or browse small museums and shops selling local crafts and sweets.

Narai-juku

Located further north, Narai was the wealthiest post town along the trail and was known as “Narai of a Thousand Houses.” The town’s long stretch of preserved wooden buildings includes sake shops, teahouses, and ryokan inns.

Narai is also famous for its traditional lacquerware, and visitors can take part in workshops or purchase hand-crafted items. The town's quiet charm and historical atmosphere make it a favorite for overnight stays.

Wada-juku and Wada Pass

Wada-juku sits near the highest point of the entire Nakasendo Trail and served as a crucial stop before or after travelers crossed the rugged Wada Pass. The former honjin inn is now a museum showcasing how local officials and travelers lived.

The trail up to Wada Pass offers panoramic views of the surrounding mountains and is ideal for more adventurous hikers.

Shimosuwa-juku

Shimosuwa was known for its natural hot springs and proximity to Suwa Taisha, one of Japan’s oldest and most important Shinto shrines.

Today, the town still draws visitors for its soothing onsen baths and spiritual heritage. It also hosts the dramatic Onbashira Festival every seven years, during which logs are hauled down hills in a display of courage and community strength.

What You Can Do on the Trail Today

Hike Between Tsumago and Magome

The 8-kilometer hike between Tsumago and Magome is the most popular section for modern-day travelers. It takes about 2 to 3 hours at a gentle pace and features a well-maintained forest path, waterfalls, bamboo groves, and small farming hamlets.

You’ll pass rest stations like Ichikokutei Tateba, where volunteers offer cups of tea. It’s an ideal hike for beginners and a perfect introduction to the trail’s atmosphere.

Join Local Workshops

In towns like Narai, visitors can join hands-on experiences that connect them to the area’s craftsmanship and culinary culture. Learn to make soba noodles from scratch or carve your own chopsticks using local hinoki cypress wood.

These experiences not only teach traditional skills but also help support local communities.

Enjoy Forest Bathing in Akasawa

The Akasawa Natural Recreational Forest in Nagano is considered the birthplace of shinrin-yoku, or forest bathing.

This area is ideal for travelers seeking nature-based wellness and reflection.

Peaceful trails wind through ancient cypress groves once used for logging during the Edo period. A small sightseeing train also runs through the forest, offering a relaxing way to experience the landscape.

Food and Accommodation Along the Trail

Accommodations range from family-run guesthouses to traditional ryokan inns, many of which include kaiseki dinners made with local seasonal ingredients.

Dishes often include handmade soba noodles, mountain vegetables, freshwater fish, and even wild game such as boar or bear—regional delicacies in parts of Nagano.

Spending a night in a post town offers not just a place to sleep, but a full cultural immersion, complete with yukata robes, futon bedding, and warm hospitality.

When to Go and How to Get There

• Best seasons are spring (April to May) and autumn (October to November), when the weather is comfortable and the scenery is at its best

• Access the trail easily from Nagoya or Matsumoto by train

• Key stations for the trail include Nakatsugawa, Nagiso, and Shiojiri

• Book accommodation early during peak times, especially in popular towns like Tsumago and Narai